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348 lines
16 KiB
ReStructuredText
Automated Testing
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=================
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You've just written a feature and (hopefully!) want to test it. Or you've
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decided that an existing feature doesn't have enough tests and want to contribute
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some. But where do you start? You've looked around and found references to things
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like "xpcshell" or "web-platform-tests" or "talos". What code, features or
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platforms do they all test? Where do their feature sets overlap? In short, where
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should your new tests go? This document is a starting point for those who want
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to start to learn about Mozilla's automated testing tools and procedures. Below
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you'll find a short summary of each framework we use, and some questions to help
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you pick the framework(s) you need for your purposes.
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If you still have questions, ask on `Matrix <https://wiki.mozilla.org/Matrix>`__
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or on the relevant bug.
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Firefox Production
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------------------
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These tests are found within the `mozilla-central <https://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central>`__
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tree, along with the product code.
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They are run when a changeset is pushed
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to `mozilla-central <https://hg.mozilla.org/mozilla-central>`__,
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`autoland <https://hg.mozilla.org/integration/autoland/>`__, or
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`try </tools/try/index.html>`_, with the results showing up on
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`Treeherder <https://treeherder.mozilla.org/>`__. Not all tests will be run on
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every changeset; alogrithms are put in place to run the most likely failures,
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with all tests being run on a regular basis.
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They can also be run on local builds.
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Note: Most of the mobile tests run on emulators, but some of the tests
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(notably, performance tests) run on hardware devices.
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We try to avoid running mobile tests on hardware devices unnecessarily.
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In Treeherder, tests with names that start with "hw-" run on hardware.
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Linting
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~~~~~~~
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Lint tests help to ensure better quality, less error-prone code by
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analysing the code with a linter.
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.. csv-table:: Linters
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:header-rows: 1
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"Treeherder Symbol", "Name", "Platforms", "What is Tested"
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"``ES``", "`ESLint </code-quality/lint/linters/eslint.html>`__", "All", "JavaScript is analyzed for correctness."
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"``ES-build``", "`eslint-build </code-quality/lint/linters/eslint.html#eslint-build-es-b>`_", "All", "Extended javascript analysis that uses build artifacts."
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"``mocha(EPM)``", "`ESLint-plugin-mozilla </code-quality/lint/linters/eslint-plugin-mozilla.html>`__", "Desktop", "The ESLint plugin rules."
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"``f8``", "`flake8 </code-quality/lint/linters/flake8.html>`__", "All", "Python analyzed for style and correctness."
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"``stylelint``", "`Stylelint </code-quality/lint/linters/stylelint.html>`__", "All", "CSS is analyzed for correctness."
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"``W``", "`wpt lint </web-platform/index.html>`__", "Desktop", "web-platform-tests analyzed for style and manifest correctness"
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"``WR(tidy)``", "`WebRender servo-tidy </testing/webrender/index.html>`__", "Desktop", "Code in gfx/wr is run through servo-tidy."
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"``A``", "`Spotless </code-quality/lint/linters/android-format.html>`_", "Android", "Java is analyzed for style and correctness."
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.. _Functional_testing:
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Functional testing
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. csv-table:: Automated Test Suites
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:header-rows: 2
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"Treeherder Symbol", "Name", "Platform", "Process", "Environment", "", "Privilege", "What is Tested"
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"", "", "", "", "Shell", "Browser Profile", "",
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"``R(J)``", "JS Reftest", "Desktop", "N/A", "JSShell", "N/A", "N/A", "The JavaScript engine's implementation of the JavaScript language."
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"``R(C)``", "`Crashtest </web-platform/index.html>`__", "All", "Child", "Content", "Yes", "Low", "That pages load without crashing, asserting, or leaking."
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"``R(R)``", "`Reftest </web-platform/index.html>`__", "All", "Child", "Content", "Yes", "Low", "That pages are rendered (and thus also layed out) correctly."
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"``GTest``", "`GTest </gtest/index.html>`__", "All", "N/A", "Terminal", "N/A", "N/A", "Code that is not exposed to JavaScript."
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"``X``", "`xpcshell </testing/xpcshell/index.html>`__", "All", "Parent, Allow", "XPCShell", "Allow", "High", "Low-level code exposed to JavaScript, such as XPCOM components."
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"``M(a11y)``", "Accessibility (mochitest-a11y)", "Desktop", "Child", "Content", "Yes", "?", "Accessibility interfaces."
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"``M(1), M(2), M(...)``", "`Mochitest plain </testing/mochitest-plain/index.html>`__", "All", "Child", "Content", "Yes", "Low, Allow", "Features exposed to JavaScript in web content, like DOM and other Web APIs, where the APIs do not require elevated permissions to test."
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"``M(c1/c2/c3)``", "`Mochitest chrome </testing/chrome-tests/index.html>`__", "All", "Child, Allow", "Content", "Yes", "High", "Code requiring UI or JavaScript interactions with privileged objects."
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"``M(bc)``", "`Mochitest browser-chrome </testing/mochitest-plain/index.html>`__", "All", "Parent, Allow", "Browser", "Yes", "High", "How the browser UI interacts with itself and with content."
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"``M(remote)``", "Mochitest Remote Protocol", "All", "Parent, Allow", "Browser", "Yes", "High", "Firefox Remote Protocol (Implements parts of Chrome dev-tools protocol). Based on Mochitest browser-chrome."
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"``SM(...), SM(pkg)``", "`SpiderMonkey automation <https://wiki.mozilla.org/Javascript:Automation_Builds>`__", "Desktop", "N/A", "JSShell", "N/A", "Low", "SpiderMonkey engine shell tests and JSAPI tests."
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"``W``", "`web-platform-tests </web-platform/index.html>`__", "Desktop", "Child", "Content", "Yes", "Low", "Standardized features exposed to ECMAScript in web content; tests are shared with other vendors."
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"``Wr``", "`web-platform-tests </web-platform/writing-tests/reftests.html>`__", "All", "Child", "Content", "Yes", "Low", "Layout and graphic correctness for standardized features; tests are shared with other vendors."
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"``Mn``", "`Marionette </testing/marionette/Testing.html>`__", "Desktop", "?", "Content, Browser", "?", "High", "Large out-of-process function integration tests and tests that do communication with multiple remote Gecko processes."
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"``Fxfn``", "`Firefox UI Tests </remote/Testing.html#puppeteer-tests>`__", "Desktop", "?", "Content, Browser", "Yes", "High", "Integration tests with a focus on the user interface and localization."
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"``tt(c)``", "`telemetry-tests-client </toolkit/components/telemetry/internals/tests.html>`__", "Desktop", "N/A", "Content, Browser", "Yes", "High", "Integration tests for the Firefox Telemetry client."
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"``TV``", "`Test Verification (test-verify) </testing/test-verification/index.html>`__", "All", "Depends on test harness", "?", "?", "?", "Uses other test harnesses - mochitest, reftest, xpcshell - to perform extra testing on new/modified tests."
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"``TVw``", "`Test Verification for wpt (test-verify-wpt) </testing/test-verification/index.html>`__", "Desktop", "Child", "?", "?", "?", "Uses wpt test harnesses to perform extra testing on new/modified web-platform tests."
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"``WR(wrench)``", "`WebRender standalone tests </testing/webrender/index.html>`__", "All", "N/A", "Terminal", "N/A", "N/A", "WebRender rust code (as a standalone module, with Gecko integration)."
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Note: there are preference-based variations of the previous testing suites.
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For example, mochitests on Treeherder can have ``gli``, ``swr``, ``spi``,
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``nofis``, ``a11y-checks``, ``spi-nw-1proc``, and many others. Another
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example is GTest, which can use ``GTest-1proc``. To learn more about
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these variations, you can mouse hover over these items to read a
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description of what these abbreviations mean.
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.. _Table_key:
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Table key
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^^^^^^^^^
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Symbol
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Abbreviation for the test suite used by
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`Treeherder <https://treeherder.mozilla.org/>`__. The first letter
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generally indicates which of the test harnesses is used to execute
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the test. The letter in parentheses identifies the actual test suite.
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Name
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Common name used when referring to the test suite.
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File type
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When adding a new test, you will generally create a file of this type
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in the source tree and then declare it in a manifest or makefile.
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Platform
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Most test suites are supported only on a subset of the available
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plaforms and operating systems. Unless otherwise noted:
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- **Desktop** tests run on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux.
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- **Mobile** tests run on Android emulators or remotely on Android
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devices.
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Process
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- When **Parent** is indicated, the test file will always run in the
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parent process, even when the browser is running in Electrolysis
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(e10s) mode.
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- When **Child** is indicated, the test file will run in the child
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process when the browser is running in Electrolysis (e10s) mode.
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- The **Allow** label indicates that the test has access to
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mechanisms to run code in the other process.
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Environment
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- The **JSShell** and **XPCShell** environments are limited
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JavaScript execution environments with no windows or user
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interface (note however that XPCShell tests on Android are run
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within a browser window.)
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- The **Content** indication means that the test is run inside a
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content page loaded by a browser window.
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- The **Browser** indication means that the test is loaded in the
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JavaScript context of a browser XUL window.
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- The **Browser Profile** column indicates whether a browser profile
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is loaded when the test starts. The **Allow** label means that the
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test can optionally load a profile using a special command.
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Privilege
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Indicates whether the tests normally run with low (content) or high
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(chrome) JavaScript privileges. The **Allow** label means that the
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test can optionally run code in a privileged environment using a
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special command.
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.. _Performance_testing:
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Performance testing
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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There are many test harnesses used to test performance.
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`For more information on the various performance harnesses,
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check out the perf docs. </testing/perfdocs>`_
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.. _So_which_should_I_use:
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So which should I use?
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----------------------
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Generally, you should pick the lowest-level framework that you can. If
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you are testing JavaScript but don't need a window, use XPCShell or even
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JSShell. If you're testing page layout, try to use
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`web-platform-test reftest.
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<https://web-platform-tests.org/writing-tests/reftests.html>`_
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The advantage in lower level testing is that you don't drag in a lot of
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other components that might have their own problems, so you can home in
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quickly on any bugs in what you are specifically testing.
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Here's a series of questions to ask about your work when you want to
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write some tests.
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.. _Is_it_low-level_code:
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Is it low-level code?
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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If the functionality is exposed to JavaScript, and you don't need a
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window, consider `XPCShell </testing/xpcshell/index.html>`__. If not,
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you'll probably have to use `GTest </gtest/index.html>`__, which can
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test pretty much anything. In general, this should be your
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last option for a new test, unless you have to test something that is
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not exposed to JavaScript.
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.. _Does_it_cause_a_crash:
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Does it cause a crash?
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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If you've found pages that crash Firefox, add a
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`crashtest </web-platform/index.html>`__ to
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make sure future versions don't experience this crash (assertion or
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leak) again. Note that this may lead to more tests once the core
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problem is found.
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.. _Is_it_a_layoutgraphics_feature:
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Is it a layout/graphics feature?
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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`Reftest </layout/Reftest.html#writing-tests>`__ is your best bet, if possible.
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.. _Do_you_need_to_verify_performance:
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Do you need to verify performance?
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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`Use an appropriate performance test suite from this list </testing/perfdocs>`_.
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.. _Are_you_testing_UI_features:
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Are you testing UI features?
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Try one of the flavors of
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`mochitest </testing/mochitest-plain/index.html>`__, or
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`Marionette </docs/Marionette>`__ if the application also needs to be
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restarted, or tested with localized builds.
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.. _Are_you_testing_MobileAndroid:
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Are you testing Mobile/Android?
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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If you are testing GeckoView, you will need to need to use
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`JUnit integration tests
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</mobile/android/geckoview/contributor/junit.html#testing-overview>`__.
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There are some specific features that
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`Mochitest </testing/mochitest-plain/index.html>`__ or
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`Reftest </layout/Reftest.html>`__ can cover. Browser-chrome tests do not run on
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Android. If you want to test performance, `Raptor </testing/perfdocs/raptor.html>`__ will
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be a good choice.
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.. _Are_you_doing_none_of_the_above:
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Are you doing none of the above?
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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- To get your tests running in continuous integration, try
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`web-platform-tests </web-platform/index.html>`_, or
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`Mochitest </testing/mochitest-plain/index.html>`__, or,
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if higher privileges are required, try
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`Mochitest browser chrome tests </testing/mochitest-plain/index.html>`__.
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- For Desktop Firefox, or if you just want to see the future of Gecko
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testing, look into the on-going
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`Marionette </testing/marionette/Testing.html#harness-tests>`__ project.
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.. _Need_to_get_more_data_out_of_your_tests:
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Need to get more data out of your tests?
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----------------------------------------
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Most test jobs now expose an environment variable named
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``$MOZ_UPLOAD_DIR``. If this variable is set during automated test runs,
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you can drop additional files into this directory, and they will be
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uploaded to a web server when the test finishes. The URLs to retrieve
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the files will be output in the test log.
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.. _Need_to_set_preferences_for_test-suites:
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Need to set preferences for test-suites?
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----------------------------------------
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First ask yourself if these prefs need to be enabled for all tests or
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just a subset of tests (e.g to enable a feature).
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.. _Setting_prefs_that_only_apply_to_certain_tests:
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Setting prefs that only apply to certain tests
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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If the answer is the latter, try to set the pref as local to the tests
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that need it as possible. Here are some options:
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- If the test runs in chrome scope (e.g mochitest chrome or
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browser-chrome), you can use
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`Services.prefs
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<https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/source/modules/libpref/nsIPrefBranch.idl>`__
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to set the prefs in your test's setup function. Be sure to reset the
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pref back to its original value during teardown!
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- Mochitest plain tests can use
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`SpecialPowers
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<https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Projects/Mochitest/SpecialPowers>`__
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to set prefs.
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- All variants of mochitest can set prefs in their manifests. For
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example, to set a pref for all tests in a manifest:
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::
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[DEFAULT]
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prefs =
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my.awesome.pref=foo,
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my.other.awesome.pref=bar,
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[test_foo.js]
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[test_bar.js]
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- All variants of reftest can also set prefs in their
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`manifests </layout/Reftest.html>`__.
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- All variants of web-platform-tests can also `set prefs in their
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manifests </web-platform/index.html#enabling-prefs>`__.
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.. _Setting_prefs_that_apply_to_the_entire_suite:
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Setting prefs that apply to the entire suite
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Most test suites define prefs in user.js files that live under
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`testing/profiles
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<https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/source/testing/profiles>`__.
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Each directory is a profile that contains a ``user.js`` file with a
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number of prefs defined in it. Test suites will then merge one or more
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of these basic profiles into their own profile at runtime. To see which
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profiles apply to which test suites, you can inspect
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`testing/profiles/profiles.json
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<https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/source/testing/profiles/profiles.json>`__.
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Profiles at the beginning of the list get overridden by profiles at the
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end of the list.
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Because this system makes it hard to get an overall view of which
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profiles are set for any given test suite, a handy ``profile`` utility
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was created:
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::
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$ cd testing/profiles
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$ ./profile -- --help
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usage: profile [-h] {diff,sort,show,rm} ...
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$ ./profile show mochitest # prints all prefs that will be set in mochitest
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$ ./profile diff mochitest reftest # prints differences between the mochitest and reftest suites
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.. container:: blockIndicator note
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**Note:** JS engine tests do not use testing/profiles yet, instead
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`set prefs
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here <https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/source/js/src/tests/user.js>`__.
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Adding New Context to Skip Conditions
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-------------------------------------
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Often when standing up new test configurations, it's necessary to add new keys
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that can be used in ``skip-if`` annotations.
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.. toctree::
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manifest-sandbox
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