linux/rust/kernel/time.rs

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0

//! Time related primitives.
//!
//! This module contains the kernel APIs related to time and timers that
//! have been ported or wrapped for usage by Rust code in the kernel.
//!
//! There are two types in this module:
//!
//! - The [`Instant`] type represents a specific point in time.
//! - The [`Delta`] type represents a span of time.
//!
//! Note that the C side uses `ktime_t` type to represent both. However, timestamp
//! and timedelta are different. To avoid confusion, we use two different types.
//!
//! A [`Instant`] object can be created by calling the [`Instant::now()`] function.
//! It represents a point in time at which the object was created.
//! By calling the [`Instant::elapsed()`] method, a [`Delta`] object representing
//! the elapsed time can be created. The [`Delta`] object can also be created
//! by subtracting two [`Instant`] objects.
//!
//! A [`Delta`] type supports methods to retrieve the duration in various units.
//!
//! C header: [`include/linux/jiffies.h`](srctree/include/linux/jiffies.h).
//! C header: [`include/linux/ktime.h`](srctree/include/linux/ktime.h).

pub mod hrtimer;

/// The number of nanoseconds per microsecond.
pub const NSEC_PER_USEC: i64 = bindings::NSEC_PER_USEC as i64;

/// The number of nanoseconds per millisecond.
pub const NSEC_PER_MSEC: i64 = bindings::NSEC_PER_MSEC as i64;

/// The number of nanoseconds per second.
pub const NSEC_PER_SEC: i64 = bindings::NSEC_PER_SEC as i64;

/// The time unit of Linux kernel. One jiffy equals (1/HZ) second.
pub type Jiffies = crate::ffi::c_ulong;

/// The millisecond time unit.
pub type Msecs = crate::ffi::c_uint;

/// Converts milliseconds to jiffies.
#[inline]
pub fn msecs_to_jiffies(msecs: Msecs) -> Jiffies {
    // SAFETY: The `__msecs_to_jiffies` function is always safe to call no
    // matter what the argument is.
    unsafe { bindings::__msecs_to_jiffies(msecs) }
}

/// A specific point in time.
///
/// # Invariants
///
/// The `inner` value is in the range from 0 to `KTIME_MAX`.
#[repr(transparent)]
#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord)]
pub struct Instant {
    inner: bindings::ktime_t,
}

impl Instant {
    /// Get the current time using `CLOCK_MONOTONIC`.
    #[inline]
    pub fn now() -> Self {
        // INVARIANT: The `ktime_get()` function returns a value in the range
        // from 0 to `KTIME_MAX`.
        Self {
            // SAFETY: It is always safe to call `ktime_get()` outside of NMI context.
            inner: unsafe { bindings::ktime_get() },
        }
    }

    /// Return the amount of time elapsed since the [`Instant`].
    #[inline]
    pub fn elapsed(&self) -> Delta {
        Self::now() - *self
    }
}

impl core::ops::Sub for Instant {
    type Output = Delta;

    // By the type invariant, it never overflows.
    #[inline]
    fn sub(self, other: Instant) -> Delta {
        Delta {
            nanos: self.inner - other.inner,
        }
    }
}

/// An identifier for a clock. Used when specifying clock sources.
///
///
/// Selection of the clock depends on the use case. In some cases the usage of a
/// particular clock is mandatory, e.g. in network protocols, filesystems.In other
/// cases the user of the clock has to decide which clock is best suited for the
/// purpose. In most scenarios clock [`ClockId::Monotonic`] is the best choice as it
/// provides a accurate monotonic notion of time (leap second smearing ignored).
#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
#[repr(u32)]
pub enum ClockId {
    /// A settable system-wide clock that measures real (i.e., wall-clock) time.
    ///
    /// Setting this clock requires appropriate privileges. This clock is
    /// affected by discontinuous jumps in the system time (e.g., if the system
    /// administrator manually changes the clock), and by frequency adjustments
    /// performed by NTP and similar applications via adjtime(3), adjtimex(2),
    /// clock_adjtime(2), and ntp_adjtime(3). This clock normally counts the
    /// number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 Coordinated Universal Time
    /// (UTC) except that it ignores leap seconds; near a leap second it may be
    /// adjusted by leap second smearing to stay roughly in sync with UTC. Leap
    /// second smearing applies frequency adjustments to the clock to speed up
    /// or slow down the clock to account for the leap second without
    /// discontinuities in the clock. If leap second smearing is not applied,
    /// the clock will experience discontinuity around leap second adjustment.
    RealTime = bindings::CLOCK_REALTIME,
    /// A monotonically increasing clock.
    ///
    /// A nonsettable system-wide clock that represents monotonic time since—as
    /// described by POSIX—"some unspecified point in the past". On Linux, that
    /// point corresponds to the number of seconds that the system has been
    /// running since it was booted.
    ///
    /// The CLOCK_MONOTONIC clock is not affected by discontinuous jumps in the
    /// CLOCK_REAL (e.g., if the system administrator manually changes the
    /// clock), but is affected by frequency adjustments. This clock does not
    /// count time that the system is suspended.
    Monotonic = bindings::CLOCK_MONOTONIC,
    /// A monotonic that ticks while system is suspended.
    ///
    /// A nonsettable system-wide clock that is identical to CLOCK_MONOTONIC,
    /// except that it also includes any time that the system is suspended. This
    /// allows applications to get a suspend-aware monotonic clock without
    /// having to deal with the complications of CLOCK_REALTIME, which may have
    /// discontinuities if the time is changed using settimeofday(2) or similar.
    BootTime = bindings::CLOCK_BOOTTIME,
    /// International Atomic Time.
    ///
    /// A system-wide clock derived from wall-clock time but counting leap seconds.
    ///
    /// This clock is coupled to CLOCK_REALTIME and will be set when CLOCK_REALTIME is
    /// set, or when the offset to CLOCK_REALTIME is changed via adjtimex(2). This
    /// usually happens during boot and **should** not happen during normal operations.
    /// However, if NTP or another application adjusts CLOCK_REALTIME by leap second
    /// smearing, this clock will not be precise during leap second smearing.
    ///
    /// The acronym TAI refers to International Atomic Time.
    TAI = bindings::CLOCK_TAI,
}

impl ClockId {
    fn into_c(self) -> bindings::clockid_t {
        self as bindings::clockid_t
    }
}

/// A span of time.
///
/// This struct represents a span of time, with its value stored as nanoseconds.
/// The value can represent any valid i64 value, including negative, zero, and
/// positive numbers.
#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Eq, Ord, Debug)]
pub struct Delta {
    nanos: i64,
}

impl Delta {
    /// A span of time equal to zero.
    pub const ZERO: Self = Self { nanos: 0 };

    /// Create a new [`Delta`] from a number of microseconds.
    ///
    /// The `micros` can range from -9_223_372_036_854_775 to 9_223_372_036_854_775.
    /// If `micros` is outside this range, `i64::MIN` is used for negative values,
    /// and `i64::MAX` is used for positive values due to saturation.
    #[inline]
    pub const fn from_micros(micros: i64) -> Self {
        Self {
            nanos: micros.saturating_mul(NSEC_PER_USEC),
        }
    }

    /// Create a new [`Delta`] from a number of milliseconds.
    ///
    /// The `millis` can range from -9_223_372_036_854 to 9_223_372_036_854.
    /// If `millis` is outside this range, `i64::MIN` is used for negative values,
    /// and `i64::MAX` is used for positive values due to saturation.
    #[inline]
    pub const fn from_millis(millis: i64) -> Self {
        Self {
            nanos: millis.saturating_mul(NSEC_PER_MSEC),
        }
    }

    /// Create a new [`Delta`] from a number of seconds.
    ///
    /// The `secs` can range from -9_223_372_036 to 9_223_372_036.
    /// If `secs` is outside this range, `i64::MIN` is used for negative values,
    /// and `i64::MAX` is used for positive values due to saturation.
    #[inline]
    pub const fn from_secs(secs: i64) -> Self {
        Self {
            nanos: secs.saturating_mul(NSEC_PER_SEC),
        }
    }

    /// Return `true` if the [`Delta`] spans no time.
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_zero(self) -> bool {
        self.as_nanos() == 0
    }

    /// Return `true` if the [`Delta`] spans a negative amount of time.
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_negative(self) -> bool {
        self.as_nanos() < 0
    }

    /// Return the number of nanoseconds in the [`Delta`].
    #[inline]
    pub const fn as_nanos(self) -> i64 {
        self.nanos
    }

    /// Return the smallest number of microseconds greater than or equal
    /// to the value in the [`Delta`].
    #[inline]
    pub const fn as_micros_ceil(self) -> i64 {
        self.as_nanos().saturating_add(NSEC_PER_USEC - 1) / NSEC_PER_USEC
    }

    /// Return the number of milliseconds in the [`Delta`].
    #[inline]
    pub const fn as_millis(self) -> i64 {
        self.as_nanos() / NSEC_PER_MSEC
    }
}