linux/rust/kernel/init.rs

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0

//! Extensions to the [`pin-init`] crate.
//!
//! Most `struct`s from the [`sync`] module need to be pinned, because they contain self-referential
//! `struct`s from C. [Pinning][pinning] is Rust's way of ensuring data does not move.
//!
//! The [`pin-init`] crate is the way such structs are initialized on the Rust side. Please refer
//! to its documentation to better understand how to use it. Additionally, there are many examples
//! throughout the kernel, such as the types from the [`sync`] module. And the ones presented
//! below.
//!
//! [`sync`]: crate::sync
//! [pinning]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/pin/index.html
//! [`pin-init`]: https://rust.docs.kernel.org/pin_init/
//!
//! # [`Opaque<T>`]
//!
//! For the special case where initializing a field is a single FFI-function call that cannot fail,
//! there exist the helper function [`Opaque::ffi_init`]. This function initialize a single
//! [`Opaque<T>`] field by just delegating to the supplied closure. You can use these in
//! combination with [`pin_init!`].
//!
//! [`Opaque<T>`]: crate::types::Opaque
//! [`Opaque::ffi_init`]: crate::types::Opaque::ffi_init
//! [`pin_init!`]: pin_init::pin_init
//!
//! # Examples
//!
//! ## General Examples
//!
//! ```rust
//! # #![expect(clippy::disallowed_names, clippy::undocumented_unsafe_blocks)]
//! use kernel::types::Opaque;
//! use pin_init::pin_init_from_closure;
//!
//! // assume we have some `raw_foo` type in C:
//! #[repr(C)]
//! struct RawFoo([u8; 16]);
//! extern "C" {
//!     fn init_foo(_: *mut RawFoo);
//! }
//!
//! #[pin_data]
//! struct Foo {
//!     #[pin]
//!     raw: Opaque<RawFoo>,
//! }
//!
//! impl Foo {
//!     fn setup(self: Pin<&mut Self>) {
//!         pr_info!("Setting up foo\n");
//!     }
//! }
//!
//! let foo = pin_init!(Foo {
//!     raw <- unsafe {
//!         Opaque::ffi_init(|s| {
//!             // note that this cannot fail.
//!             init_foo(s);
//!         })
//!     },
//! }).pin_chain(|foo| {
//!     foo.setup();
//!     Ok(())
//! });
//! ```
//!
//! ```rust
//! # #![expect(unreachable_pub, clippy::disallowed_names)]
//! use kernel::{prelude::*, types::Opaque};
//! use core::{ptr::addr_of_mut, marker::PhantomPinned, pin::Pin};
//! # mod bindings {
//! #     #![expect(non_camel_case_types, clippy::missing_safety_doc)]
//! #     pub struct foo;
//! #     pub unsafe fn init_foo(_ptr: *mut foo) {}
//! #     pub unsafe fn destroy_foo(_ptr: *mut foo) {}
//! #     pub unsafe fn enable_foo(_ptr: *mut foo, _flags: u32) -> i32 { 0 }
//! # }
//! /// # Invariants
//! ///
//! /// `foo` is always initialized
//! #[pin_data(PinnedDrop)]
//! pub struct RawFoo {
//!     #[pin]
//!     foo: Opaque<bindings::foo>,
//!     #[pin]
//!     _p: PhantomPinned,
//! }
//!
//! impl RawFoo {
//!     pub fn new(flags: u32) -> impl PinInit<Self, Error> {
//!         // SAFETY:
//!         // - when the closure returns `Ok(())`, then it has successfully initialized and
//!         //   enabled `foo`,
//!         // - when it returns `Err(e)`, then it has cleaned up before
//!         unsafe {
//!             pin_init::pin_init_from_closure(move |slot: *mut Self| {
//!                 // `slot` contains uninit memory, avoid creating a reference.
//!                 let foo = addr_of_mut!((*slot).foo);
//!
//!                 // Initialize the `foo`
//!                 bindings::init_foo(Opaque::cast_into(foo));
//!
//!                 // Try to enable it.
//!                 let err = bindings::enable_foo(Opaque::cast_into(foo), flags);
//!                 if err != 0 {
//!                     // Enabling has failed, first clean up the foo and then return the error.
//!                     bindings::destroy_foo(Opaque::cast_into(foo));
//!                     return Err(Error::from_errno(err));
//!                 }
//!
//!                 // All fields of `RawFoo` have been initialized, since `_p` is a ZST.
//!                 Ok(())
//!             })
//!         }
//!     }
//! }
//!
//! #[pinned_drop]
//! impl PinnedDrop for RawFoo {
//!     fn drop(self: Pin<&mut Self>) {
//!         // SAFETY: Since `foo` is initialized, destroying is safe.
//!         unsafe { bindings::destroy_foo(self.foo.get()) };
//!     }
//! }
//! ```

use crate::{
    alloc::{AllocError, Flags},
    error::{self, Error},
};
use pin_init::{init_from_closure, pin_init_from_closure, Init, PinInit};

/// Smart pointer that can initialize memory in-place.
pub trait InPlaceInit<T>: Sized {
    /// Pinned version of `Self`.
    ///
    /// If a type already implicitly pins its pointee, `Pin<Self>` is unnecessary. In this case use
    /// `Self`, otherwise just use `Pin<Self>`.
    type PinnedSelf;

    /// Use the given pin-initializer to pin-initialize a `T` inside of a new smart pointer of this
    /// type.
    ///
    /// If `T: !Unpin` it will not be able to move afterwards.
    fn try_pin_init<E>(init: impl PinInit<T, E>, flags: Flags) -> Result<Self::PinnedSelf, E>
    where
        E: From<AllocError>;

    /// Use the given pin-initializer to pin-initialize a `T` inside of a new smart pointer of this
    /// type.
    ///
    /// If `T: !Unpin` it will not be able to move afterwards.
    fn pin_init<E>(init: impl PinInit<T, E>, flags: Flags) -> error::Result<Self::PinnedSelf>
    where
        Error: From<E>,
    {
        // SAFETY: We delegate to `init` and only change the error type.
        let init = unsafe {
            pin_init_from_closure(|slot| init.__pinned_init(slot).map_err(|e| Error::from(e)))
        };
        Self::try_pin_init(init, flags)
    }

    /// Use the given initializer to in-place initialize a `T`.
    fn try_init<E>(init: impl Init<T, E>, flags: Flags) -> Result<Self, E>
    where
        E: From<AllocError>;

    /// Use the given initializer to in-place initialize a `T`.
    fn init<E>(init: impl Init<T, E>, flags: Flags) -> error::Result<Self>
    where
        Error: From<E>,
    {
        // SAFETY: We delegate to `init` and only change the error type.
        let init = unsafe {
            init_from_closure(|slot| init.__pinned_init(slot).map_err(|e| Error::from(e)))
        };
        Self::try_init(init, flags)
    }
}

/// Construct an in-place fallible initializer for `struct`s.
///
/// This macro defaults the error to [`Error`]. If you need [`Infallible`], then use
/// [`init!`].
///
/// The syntax is identical to [`try_pin_init!`]. If you want to specify a custom error,
/// append `? $type` after the `struct` initializer.
/// The safety caveats from [`try_pin_init!`] also apply:
/// - `unsafe` code must guarantee either full initialization or return an error and allow
///   deallocation of the memory.
/// - the fields are initialized in the order given in the initializer.
/// - no references to fields are allowed to be created inside of the initializer.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use kernel::error::Error;
/// use pin_init::init_zeroed;
/// struct BigBuf {
///     big: KBox<[u8; 1024 * 1024 * 1024]>,
///     small: [u8; 1024 * 1024],
/// }
///
/// impl BigBuf {
///     fn new() -> impl Init<Self, Error> {
///         try_init!(Self {
///             big: KBox::init(init_zeroed(), GFP_KERNEL)?,
///             small: [0; 1024 * 1024],
///         }? Error)
///     }
/// }
/// ```
///
/// [`Infallible`]: core::convert::Infallible
/// [`init!`]: pin_init::init
/// [`try_pin_init!`]: crate::try_pin_init!
/// [`Error`]: crate::error::Error
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! try_init {
    ($(&$this:ident in)? $t:ident $(::<$($generics:ty),* $(,)?>)? {
        $($fields:tt)*
    }) => {
        ::pin_init::try_init!($(&$this in)? $t $(::<$($generics),*>)? {
            $($fields)*
        }? $crate::error::Error)
    };
    ($(&$this:ident in)? $t:ident $(::<$($generics:ty),* $(,)?>)? {
        $($fields:tt)*
    }? $err:ty) => {
        ::pin_init::try_init!($(&$this in)? $t $(::<$($generics),*>)? {
            $($fields)*
        }? $err)
    };
}

/// Construct an in-place, fallible pinned initializer for `struct`s.
///
/// If the initialization can complete without error (or [`Infallible`]), then use [`pin_init!`].
///
/// You can use the `?` operator or use `return Err(err)` inside the initializer to stop
/// initialization and return the error.
///
/// IMPORTANT: if you have `unsafe` code inside of the initializer you have to ensure that when
/// initialization fails, the memory can be safely deallocated without any further modifications.
///
/// This macro defaults the error to [`Error`].
///
/// The syntax is identical to [`pin_init!`] with the following exception: you can append `? $type`
/// after the `struct` initializer to specify the error type you want to use.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// # #![feature(new_uninit)]
/// use kernel::error::Error;
/// use pin_init::init_zeroed;
/// #[pin_data]
/// struct BigBuf {
///     big: KBox<[u8; 1024 * 1024 * 1024]>,
///     small: [u8; 1024 * 1024],
///     ptr: *mut u8,
/// }
///
/// impl BigBuf {
///     fn new() -> impl PinInit<Self, Error> {
///         try_pin_init!(Self {
///             big: KBox::init(init_zeroed(), GFP_KERNEL)?,
///             small: [0; 1024 * 1024],
///             ptr: core::ptr::null_mut(),
///         }? Error)
///     }
/// }
/// ```
///
/// [`Infallible`]: core::convert::Infallible
/// [`pin_init!`]: pin_init::pin_init
/// [`Error`]: crate::error::Error
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! try_pin_init {
    ($(&$this:ident in)? $t:ident $(::<$($generics:ty),* $(,)?>)? {
        $($fields:tt)*
    }) => {
        ::pin_init::try_pin_init!($(&$this in)? $t $(::<$($generics),*>)? {
            $($fields)*
        }? $crate::error::Error)
    };
    ($(&$this:ident in)? $t:ident $(::<$($generics:ty),* $(,)?>)? {
        $($fields:tt)*
    }? $err:ty) => {
        ::pin_init::try_pin_init!($(&$this in)? $t $(::<$($generics),*>)? {
            $($fields)*
        }? $err)
    };
}