mm,hwpoison: fix race with hugetlb page allocation

When hugetlb page fault (under overcommitting situation) and
memory_failure() race, VM_BUG_ON_PAGE() is triggered by the following
race:

    CPU0:                           CPU1:

                                    gather_surplus_pages()
                                      page = alloc_surplus_huge_page()
    memory_failure_hugetlb()
      get_hwpoison_page(page)
        __get_hwpoison_page(page)
          get_page_unless_zero(page)
                                      zero = put_page_testzero(page)
                                      VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!zero, page)
                                      enqueue_huge_page(h, page)
      put_page(page)

__get_hwpoison_page() only checks the page refcount before taking an
additional one for memory error handling, which is not enough because
there's a time window where compound pages have non-zero refcount during
hugetlb page initialization.

So make __get_hwpoison_page() check page status a bit more for hugetlb
pages with get_hwpoison_huge_page().  Checking hugetlb-specific flags
under hugetlb_lock makes sure that the hugetlb page is not transitive.
It's notable that another new function, HWPoisonHandlable(), is helpful
to prevent a race against other transitive page states (like a generic
compound page just before PageHuge becomes true).

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210603233632.2964832-2-nao.horiguchi@gmail.com
Fixes: ead07f6a86 ("mm/memory-failure: introduce get_hwpoison_page() for consistent refcount handling")
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <naoya.horiguchi@nec.com>
Reported-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Acked-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>	[5.12+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

include/linux/hugetlb.h

@@ -149,6 +149,7 @@ bool hugetlb_reserve_pages(struct inode *inode, long from, long to,
 long hugetlb_unreserve_pages(struct inode *inode, long start, long end,
 						long freed);
 bool isolate_huge_page(struct page *page, struct list_head *list);
+int get_hwpoison_huge_page(struct page *page, bool *hugetlb);
 void putback_active_hugepage(struct page *page);
 void move_hugetlb_state(struct page *oldpage, struct page *newpage, int reason);
 void free_huge_page(struct page *page);
@@ -339,6 +340,11 @@ static inline bool isolate_huge_page(struct page *page, struct list_head *list)
 	return false;
 }
 
+static inline int get_hwpoison_huge_page(struct page *page, bool *hugetlb)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static inline void putback_active_hugepage(struct page *page)
 {
 }

mm/hugetlb.c

@@ -5857,6 +5857,21 @@ bool isolate_huge_page(struct page *page, struct list_head *list)
 	return ret;
 }
 
+int get_hwpoison_huge_page(struct page *page, bool *hugetlb)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	*hugetlb = false;
+	spin_lock_irq(&hugetlb_lock);
+	if (PageHeadHuge(page)) {
+		*hugetlb = true;
+		if (HPageFreed(page) || HPageMigratable(page))
+			ret = get_page_unless_zero(page);
+	}
+	spin_unlock_irq(&hugetlb_lock);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 void putback_active_hugepage(struct page *page)
 {
 	spin_lock_irq(&hugetlb_lock);

mm/memory-failure.c

@@ -949,6 +949,17 @@ static int page_action(struct page_state *ps, struct page *p,
 	return (result == MF_RECOVERED || result == MF_DELAYED) ? 0 : -EBUSY;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Return true if a page type of a given page is supported by hwpoison
+ * mechanism (while handling could fail), otherwise false.  This function
+ * does not return true for hugetlb or device memory pages, so it's assumed
+ * to be called only in the context where we never have such pages.
+ */
+static inline bool HWPoisonHandlable(struct page *page)
+{
+	return PageLRU(page) || __PageMovable(page);
+}
+
 /**
  * __get_hwpoison_page() - Get refcount for memory error handling:
  * @page:	raw error page (hit by memory error)
@@ -959,8 +970,22 @@ static int page_action(struct page_state *ps, struct page *p,
 static int __get_hwpoison_page(struct page *page)
 {
 	struct page *head = compound_head(page);
+	int ret = 0;
+	bool hugetlb = false;
 
-	if (!PageHuge(head) && PageTransHuge(head)) {
+	ret = get_hwpoison_huge_page(head, &hugetlb);
+	if (hugetlb)
+		return ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * This check prevents from calling get_hwpoison_unless_zero()
+	 * for any unsupported type of page in order to reduce the risk of
+	 * unexpected races caused by taking a page refcount.
+	 */
+	if (!HWPoisonHandlable(head))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (PageTransHuge(head)) {
 		/*
 		 * Non anonymous thp exists only in allocation/free time. We
 		 * can't handle such a case correctly, so let's give it up.
@@ -1017,7 +1042,7 @@ static int get_any_page(struct page *p, unsigned long flags)
 			ret = -EIO;
 		}
 	} else {
-		if (PageHuge(p) || PageLRU(p) || __PageMovable(p)) {
+		if (PageHuge(p) || HWPoisonHandlable(p)) {
 			ret = 1;
 		} else {
 			/*